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The Journal of American Science
ISSN 1545-1003
Volume 6, Issue 4, April 1, 2010
Cover
Page, Introduction, Contents, Call
for Papers, All
papers in one file
All comments are
welcome: editor@americanscience.org
Welcome to send your
manuscript(s) to: americansciencej@gmail.com.
CONTENTS
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No.
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Titles / Authors
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page
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1
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Relationship
between Body Fat Percent and Maximal Oxygen Uptake among Young
Adults
1A.R Amani, 2M.N. Somchit, 3M.M. B Konting, 4Kok L Y
1,3,4Department of
Sport Science, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra
Malaysia
2 Department of
Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Medical, Universiti
Putra Malaysia
¹Alireza.daryasar@gmail.com
, nazrul.hakim@gmail.com
Abstract: The present study
was conducting to examine the relationship between maximum
oxygen uptake (VO2max) and body fat percent among
international students in Universiti Putra Malaysia. VO2max
and body fat percent are importance factors at health and sport
research. Twenty six male student (26 +/- 5 years old in age
and 168 +/- 5 cm in high and 73 +/- 5 kg in weight) at
Universiti Putra Malaysia. Maximal were participated at this
investigation. Oxygen Uptake and body fat percent have been
measured by the routine protocols. At the end of this research
have been shown signification and negative correlation (-0.042)
between the VO2max and body fat percent. Results of
this investigation show that there is negative correlation
between maximum oxygen uptake and body fat percent. Increase
the VO2max have been shown with decrease and improve
on body composition. [Journal of
American Science
2010;6(4):1-4]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key Words: Maximum Oxygen Uptake, Body Fat
Percent, Aerobic Capacity, Physical Activity
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2
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An Investigation on Supplier Delivery Performance by
using SPC Techniques for Automotive Industry
Soroush Avakh Darestani 1,
Md Yusof Ismail 2, Napsiah bt Ismail 3, Rosnah bt. Mohd. Yusuff
4
1. Department of Mechanical and manufacturing
engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Malaysia, soroushavakh@yahoo.com,Tel:
+60172986210
2. Department of Manufacturing engineering, Universiti
Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Malaysia
3 Department of Mechanical and manufacturing
engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Malaysia
4 Department of Mechanical and manufacturing engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Malaysia
Abstract: As about 60% of finished price of
goods are allocated to raw material and purchased parts by
suppliers in the chain of automotive industry, the importance
of supplier management and its performance is an ongoing
problem. Moreover the need of monitoring of supplier
performance has been emphasized in Quality Management System of
automotive industry ISO/TS16949. To meet standard requirement
and also continuous improvement in business, companies need to
monitor their supplier performance. Delivery and quality are
two of the most important indicators of supplier evaluation.
This paper introduces a statistical approach to monitor
supplier performance over time by using control charts. To
monitor supplier delivery performance, a statistical control
chart is developed based on conceptual model of how to
implement in industry. Normality test is done on data and upper
and lower control limits are calculated. Data gathered from
supplier of a tier 1 company and out of control signals are
recognized on chart. All out of control signals are removed
from control chart and updated “In control” is
obtained with improved mean and standard deviation. It can be
employed in the industry and should result in improvement in
supplier performance over time. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(4):5-11]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Delivery
Performance, Statistical Monitoring, Quality Management System
(QMS)
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3
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A New Species
of Cuttlefish , Sepia
vecchioni (Cephalopoda,Sepiidae)
from
Colachal Coast,
South India
Neethiselvan1 N, Venkataramani2
VK
1. Fisheries Training and Research
Center,VUTRC,Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University,Aavin campus,
Nanjikottai Road, Thanjavur-613 006, Tamil Nadu, India
2. Fisheries College and Research Institute,
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,
Thoothukkudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
[email:drneethi@yahoo.co.in]
Abstract: A new species of
cuttlefish Sepia vecchioni sp. nov. hitherto wrongly treated as
S. prashadi Winckworth,
1936, collected from the
Colachal fish landing centre (8o10’ N,
77o15’E ) of
South India is described. The dorsal mantle of S.
vecchioni sp. nov. has
distinct white
stripes facing upwards in contrast to transverse zebra
type stripes with the ends facing downward in the closely related species,
S. prashadi. Unlike S.prashadi, a well-defined sexual
dimorphism with respect to shape and length of arm is also seen in S. vecchioni
sp.nov. In matured males of this species, the first and fourth pair of arms are greatly extended and
the first pair is whip like. Males of this species also differ from that of S.prashadi with regard to sucker
arrangement on
hectocotylized arm. Though both the species can be classified
under Acanthosepion species complex of Rochebrune (1984) based on cuttle bone
characteristics, Sepia
vecchioni sp.nov. also shares the characters of the Rhombosepion species
complex of Rochebrune (1984) by having weakly and incompletely
calcified cuttlebone. The comparison of morphological
characters, meristic
characters and cuttlebone characteristics of S.vecchioni sp.nov. with
that of other five closely related species
of the genus Sepia of world waters are also discussed. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(4):12-21] (ISSN:1545-1003).
Keywords: Sepia vecchioni sp.nov.; Sepia prashadi;
Acanthosepion species complex; Rhombosepion species complex;
Hectocotylization
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4
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Water quality monitoring in Nigeria; Case Study of
Nigeria’s industrial cities
Ekiye, Ebiare * and Luo Zejiao
China University of Geosciences,
Department of Environmental science.
388 Lumo road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei,
P.R. China. luozejiao@hotmail.com
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze
the state of water quality management in Nigeria’s
industrial cities. In a developing country such as Nigeria,
there is immense demand for advancement in various facets of
living and economic development is a priority of the
government. This has led to increase in industries resulting in
an increased quantity of discharge and a wide range of pollutants
reaching water bodies. This study indicates that both
urbanization and industrialization have contributed to the
large scale of pollution currently observed in most Nigerian
cities notably those swarming with industries namely; Lagos,
Rivers, Kano and Kaduna states. There are no incentives for
implementing pollution reduction measures. Wastes are disposed
indiscriminately especially for small and medium scale
industries. Data for this paper were obtained by observation,
investigation and from related studies on the subject matter.
Finally, this paper proposes constant river water monitoring as
a step towards pollution abatement. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(4):22-28].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Water, Quality, Monitoring, Nigeria,
Industrial Cities
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5
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An
investigation on the Strength and workability of cement based
concrete performance by using ZrO2 nanoparticles
Ali Nazari*, Shadi Riahi,
Shirin Riahi, Seyedeh Fatemeh Shamekhi and A. Khademno
Department of Technical and
Engineering Sciences, Islamic Azad University (Saveh Branch),
Felestin Sq., Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran.
* Corresponding Author: Ali Nazari, Assistant professor,
Tel: + 98 255 2241511, E-mail: alinazari84@aut.ac.ir
Abstract:
The purpose of this
study is to investigate the compressive strength and
workability of concrete by partial replacement of cement with
nano-phase ZrO2 particles. ZrO2
nanoparticles with the average diameter of 15 nm
were used with four different contents of 0.5%, 0.1%, 1.5% and
2.0% by weight. The results showed that the use of nano-ZrO2
particles up to maximum replacement level of 2.0%
produces concrete with improved strength. However, the ultimate
strength of concrete was gained at 1.0% of cement replacement.
The workability of fresh concrete was decreased by increasing
the content of ZrO2 nanoparticles. It is concluded
that partial replacement of cement with nanophase ZrO2
particles improves the compressive strength of concrete but
decreases its workability. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(4):29-33]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words:
Nanophase ZrO2
particles; concrete; compressive strength; workability.
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6
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Embedded
System Using Ultrasonic Waves and Voice Biometric to
Build an
E-Glass for the Blinds
Kenza Meridji, Khalid
T. Al-Sarayreh.
School of Higher Technology (ÉTS),
University of Québec, Montréal, Québec H3C 1K3, Canada.
kenza.meridji.1@ens.etsmtl.ca, khalid.al-sarayreh.1@ens.etsmtl.ca
Abstract: Currently, embedded
and real time
systems are used in wide range of a related human applications
to improve the quality of our lives such as embedded systems
for communication
(Mobile, satellite, and avionics systems), and control systems
such as (microwaves, refrigerators and embedded system in
vehicles). Nevertheless, embedded and real time systems are
still immature. The application of these systems is used for
various devices. However, these systems are never used for a
human body to complete human missing-part functionality; which
means the embedded system can be used as part of natural neural
networks in a human system nerve. This paper proposes a
technical view to build an electronic glass (E-Glass) for the blind people. Moreover, this paper
provides the complete E-Glass electronic circuit in which the
electronic scanning system to tackle the objects and time
signals are included. This E-Glass could be used by the blind
to assist them in their ways without any human assistance.
Moreover, it will be used by the blind to make them self
confidence, to let them walk independently and to increase
their morality. It is important to note that the hardware and
software components of the E-Glass are not expensive. This work
could be provided to the practitioner’s people in the
industry or to the students of the department of electrical or
biomedical engineering. [Journal
of American Science
2010;6(4):34-42] (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Embedded System, Neural Networks,
Ultra Sonic Wave, Artificial Intelligence, Voice Biometric.
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7
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Assessment of the effects of the
cement paste composite in presence TiO2
nanoparticles
Ali Nazari*, Shadi Riahi,
Shirin Riahi, Seyedeh Fatemeh Shamekhi and A. Khademno
Department
of Technical and Engineering Sciences, Islamic Azad University
(Saveh Branch), Felestin Sq., Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran.
*
Corresponding Author: Ali Nazari, Assistant professor, Tel: +
98 255 2241511, E-mail: alinazari84@aut.ac.ir
Abstract:
The purpose of this
study is to investigate the compressive strength and
workability of concrete by partial replacement of cement with
nano-phase TiO2 particles. TiO2
nanoparticles with the average diameter of 15 nm
were used with four different contents of 0.5%, 0.1%, 1.5% and
2.0% by weight. The results showed that the use of nano-TiO2
particles up to maximum replacement level of 2.0%
produces concrete with improved strength. However, the ultimate
strength of concrete was gained at 1.0% of cement replacement.
The workability of fresh concrete was decreased by increasing
the content of TiO2 nanoparticles. It is concluded
that partial replacement of cement with nanophase TiO2
particles improves the compressive strength of concrete but
decreases its workability. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(4):43-46]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key
words: Nanophase TiO2 particles;
concrete; compressive strength; workability.
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8
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Treatment of Light Contaminated Surface Water Using
Slow Sand Filtration in China
Gracious Grace Lwesya*,
Yilian Li
China University of Geosciences,
School of Environmental Sciences, 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan
District, Wuhan City, Hubei province, 430074, P.R.China. graciouslwesya@yahoo.co.uk;
yl.li988@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract: This was a comparative study to
investigate the effectiveness of slow sand filtration with the
best type of sand in filtering water from the domestic lake at
China University of Geosciences (CUG) in Wuhan. It was a
laboratory scale experiment which had four columns with all
having a length of 100 cm in height, 3cm in diameter, and the
sand was filled to a depth of 80cm with sand sizes of
0.075-2mm, 0.075-0.5 mm, 0.5-2mm and a control of 0.075-2mm
with no pre-growth of bio-film. The rate of trickling water was
set at 2 rounds per meter (rpm) and the filter run period was
15 days with 7 days wet and 3 days dry cycle to prevent
clogging. COD, TN, TP, DO and OC were analyzed. Overall, fine
sand column had the best results but specifically, COD
efficiency rate was best in column of fine sand with 83%, TP in
mixed sand with 81%, TN in fine sand column with 67% and DO in
the control column with 8.15mg/L and OC was best in fine sand
column with 22.59g. The best type of sand would be considered
as 0.075-0.5 mm because it dominated in most results. With all
the conditions in place, slow sand filtration was very
effective as it removes most of the organic matter and
suspended materials hence the water can easily be re-used not
only due to its efficiency but also its simplicity in operation,
cost effectiveness as well as being environmentally sound. [Journal of
American Science
2010;6(4):47-57]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Sand, filtration, bio-film, sand
effectiveness.
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9
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Mineralization of organic compounds in wastewater
contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon using Fenton’s
reagent: a kinetic study
Gbehou
Nounagnon Achille 1,*, Li Yilian 2
1. School of Environmental Studies,
China University of Geosciences, Hubei province, 388. Lumo
Road, 430074 Wuhan, P.R China, achillegbehou@yahoo.fr,
008615927014830
2. China University of Geosciences,
Department of Environmental Sciences, 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan
District, Wuhan City, Hubei province, 430074, P.R.China, yl.li988@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract: In the present work, the possibility
of using chemical oxidation through Fenton’s reaction for
the pre-treatment of wastewater contaminated with petroleum
hydrocarbon was investigated as laboratory-scale experiments.
The effect of different operational conditions, namely,
hydrogen peroxide, ferrous ion concentrations, temperature, and
initial pH were evaluated. Operating at initial pH of 3, with a
temperature of 28oC and a molar ratio H2O2/Fe2+=9:1,
it gave us 70.58% removal of COD. A kinetic study was carried
out using a modified pseudo-first-order model. The experiment
was performed at different temperatures hence allowed the
calculation of Arrhenuis equation parameters and the global
activation energy for the first-order reaction. [Journal of
American Science
2010;6(4):58-66]. (ISSN:1545-1003).
Key words: Chemical oxidation, wastewater, COD,
activation energy
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10
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Similarity
Identification and Measurement between Ontologies
Amjad Farooq and
Abad Shah
Computer Science and
Engineering Department
University
of Engineering and Technology, Lahore – Pakistan
amjadfarooquet@gmail.com
Abstract: The retrieval of
relevant and precise information from web has always been
remained a serious problem. To address this problem, the idea
of ontologies-based web, so-called semantic web, was proposed
in 2001. But the problem is not completely solved due to the
semantic heterogeneity suffered by ontologies. In this paper we
propose a semi-automatic technique to measure the explicit
semantic heterogeneity. The proposed technique identifies all
candidate pairs of similar concepts without omitting any
similar pair. The proposed criteria for similarity measurement
are based on theme semantic web. The proposed technique can be
used in different types of operations on ontologies such as
merging, mapping and aligning. By analyzing its results a
reasonable improvement in terms of completeness, correctness
and overall quality of the results has been found. [Journal of
American Science 2010; 6(4):67-85]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Semantic Web,
Heterogeneity, Ontology Matching, Similarity Identification
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11
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Embedded ZrO2 nanoparticles
mechanical properties monitoring in cementitious composites
Ali Nazari*, Shadi Riahi,
Shirin Riahi, Seyedeh Fatemeh Shamekhi and A. Khademno
Department
of Technical and Engineering Sciences, Islamic Azad University
(Saveh Branch), Felestin Sq., Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran.
*
Corresponding Author: Ali
Nazari, Assistant professor, Tel: + 98 255 2241511, E-mail: alinazari84@aut.ac.ir
Abstract:
In this Paper, the
split tensile and flexural strength together with the setting
time of concrete by partial replacement of cement with
nano-phase ZrO2 particles has been studied. ZrO2
nanoparticles with the average diameter of 15 nm
were used with four different contents of 0.5%, 0.1%, 1.5% and
2.0% by weight. The results showed that the use of nano-ZrO2
particles up to maximum replacement level of 2.0%
produces concrete with improved split tensile strength.
However, the ultimate strength of concrete was gained at 1.0%
of cement replacement. The flexural strength of fresh concrete
was increased by increasing the content of ZrO2
nanoparticles. The setting time of fresh concrete was decreased
by increasing the content of ZrO2 nanoparticles. It
is concluded that partial replacement of cement with nanophase
ZrO2 particles improves the split tensile and
flexural strength of concrete but decreases its setting time.
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(4):86-89]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Key
words: Nanophase ZrO2 particles;
concrete; split tensile strength; flexural strength.
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12
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The effects
of incorporation Fe2O3 nanoparticles on
tensile and flexural strength of concrete
Ali Nazari*, Shadi Riahi,
Shirin Riahi, Seyedeh Fatemeh Shamekhi and A. Khademno
Department of Technical and
Engineering Sciences, Islamic Azad University (Saveh Branch),
Felestin Sq., Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran.
*
Corresponding Author: Ali
Nazari, Assistant professor, Tel: + 98 255 2241511, E-mail: alinazari84@aut.ac.ir
Abstract:
In this Paper, the
split tensile and flexural strength together with the setting
time of concrete by partial replacement of cement with
nano-phase Fe2O3 particles has been
studied. Fe2O3 nanoparticles with
the average diameter of 15 nm were used with four different
contents of 0.5%, 0.1%, 1.5% and 2.0% by weight. The results
showed that the use of nano- Fe2O3 particles
up to maximum replacement level of 2.0% produces concrete with
improved split tensile strength. However, the ultimate strength
of concrete was gained at 1.0% of cement replacement. The
flexural strength of fresh concrete was increased by increasing
the content of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The
setting time of fresh concrete was decreased by increasing the
content of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. It is
concluded that partial replacement of cement with nanophase Fe2O3
particles improves the split tensile and flexural strength of
concrete but decreases its setting time. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(4):90-93]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Nanophase
Fe2O3 particles; concrete; split tensile
strength; flexural strength.
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13
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Mechanical
properties of cement mortar with Al2O3
nanoparticles
Ali Nazari*, Shadi Riahi,
Shirin Riahi, Seyedeh Fatemeh Shamekhi and A. Khademno
Department of Technical and
Engineering Sciences, Islamic Azad University (Saveh Branch),
Felestin Sq., Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran.
*
Corresponding Author: Ali
Nazari, Assistant professor, Tel: + 98 255 2241511, E-mail: alinazari84@aut.ac.ir
Abstract:
In this Paper, the
split tensile and flexural strength together with the setting
time of concrete by partial replacement of cement with
nano-phase Al2O3 particles has been
studied. Al2O3 nanoparticles with
the average diameter of 15 nm were used with four different
contents of 0.5%, 0.1%, 1.5% and 2.0% by weight. The results
showed that the use of nano- Al2O3 particles
up to maximum replacement level of 2.0% produces concrete with
improved split tensile strength. However, the ultimate strength
of concrete was gained at 1.0% of cement replacement. The
flexural strength of fresh concrete was increased by increasing
the content of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The
setting time of fresh concrete was decreased by increasing the
content of Al2O3 nanoparticles. It is
concluded that partial replacement of cement with nanophase Al2O3
particles improves the split tensile and flexural strength of
concrete but decreases its setting time. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(4):94-97]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Nanophase
Al2O3 particles; concrete; split tensile
strength; flexural strength.
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14
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Improvement
the mechanical properties of the cementitious composite by using
TiO2 nanoparticles
Ali Nazari*, Shadi Riahi,
Shirin Riahi, Seyedeh Fatemeh Shamekhi and A. Khademno
Department of Technical and
Engineering Sciences, Islamic Azad University (Saveh Branch),
Felestin Sq., Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran.
*
Corresponding Author: Ali
Nazari, Assistant professor, Tel: + 98 255 2241511, E-mail: alinazari84@aut.ac.ir
Abstract:
In this Paper, the
split tensile and flexural strength together with the setting
time of concrete by partial replacement of cement with
nano-phase TiO2 particles has been studied. TiO2
nanoparticles with the average diameter of 15 nm
were used with four different contents of 0.5%, 0.1%, 1.5% and
2.0% by weight. The results showed that the use of nano-TiO2
particles up to maximum replacement level of 2.0%
produces concrete with improved split tensile strength.
However, the ultimate strength of concrete was gained at 1.0%
of cement replacement. The flexural strength of fresh concrete
was increased by increasing the content of TiO2
nanoparticles. The setting time of fresh concrete was decreased
by increasing the content of TiO2 nanoparticles. It
is concluded that partial replacement of cement with nanophase
TiO2 particles improves the split tensile and
flexural strength of concrete but decreases its setting time.
[Journal of American Science 2010;6(4):98-101]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Key
words: Nanophase TiO2 particles;
concrete; split tensile strength; flexural strength.
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15
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Benefits of
Fe2O3 nanoparticles in concrete mixing
matrix
Ali Nazari*, Shadi Riahi,
Shirin Riahi, Seyedeh Fatemeh Shamekhi and A. Khademno
Department
of Technical and Engineering Sciences, Islamic Azad University
(Saveh Branch), Felestin Sq., Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran.
*
Corresponding Author: Ali
Nazari, Assistant professor, Tel: + 98 255 2241511, E-mail: alinazari84@aut.ac.ir
Abstract:
The purpose of this
study is to investigate the compressive strength and
workability of concrete by partial replacement of cement with
nano-phase Fe2O3 particles. Fe2O3
nanoparticles with the average diameter of 15 nm
were used with four different contents of 0.5%, 0.1%, 1.5% and
2.0% by weight. The results showed that the use of nano-Fe2O3
particles up to maximum replacement level of 2.0%
produces concrete with improved strength. However, the ultimate
strength of concrete was gained at 1.0% of cement replacement.
The workability of fresh concrete was decreased by increasing
the content of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. It is
concluded that partial replacement of cement with nanophase Fe2O3
particles improves the compressive strength of concrete but
decreases its workability. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(4):102-106]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords:
Nanophase
Fe2O3 particles; concrete; compressive
strength; workability.
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16
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Biodegradation of Produce Water Hydrocarbons by Pure
Cultures of Alcaligenes sp.
Chuma C Okoro 1, Olukayode
O Amund 2
1 Department
of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Caleb University, Lagos
2 Department
of Botany and Microbiology,
University of Lagos, Nigeria
chuma2k2001@yahoo.com
Abstract: Biodegradation studies of hydrocarbons
in untreated produce water from an oil production facility in
Nigeria was undertaken over a period of time using pure cultures
of Alkaligenes sp.
Isolated from Escravos River where produce water was being
discharged as at the time the studies were carried out. Gas
chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to monitor the
rate of reduction in some petroleum hydrocarbon fractions while
the index used to evaluate biodegradation was the decreasing
trend in the ratios of nC17/Pristane and nC18/Phytane. Gas
chromatographic analysis showed that untreated produced water
used for the study had an oil and grease content of 1407mg/L, this
includes n-alkanes (608mg/L), Aromatics (13.88mg/L), NSO
compounds (12.68mg/L) PAHs(0.833mg/L) and some unidentified
greasy components. Upon mechanical treatment, the oil and
grease component of produce water was reduced to 44mg/L
comprising of n-alkanes (38.40mg/L), Aromatics (2.65mg/L), NSO
compounds (1.78mg/L), PAHs (0.0655mg/L) and some unidentified
greasy component. A pure culture of Alcaligenes sp. after 40 days of exposure to
untreated produced water reduced the oil and grease content to
19.58mg/l comprising of n-Alkanes (16.87mg/l), Total aromatics
(1.25mg/l), NSO compounds (0.98mg/l) and PAH (0.0096mg/l). This
result indicate that produce water is readily biodegradable and
pure cultures of Alcaligenes
sp. used for the study were very efficient in the degradation
of produced water hydrocarbons especially the recalcitrant PAH
component when compared with the conventional mechanical
treatment process. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(4):107-113]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Pure culture, Produce water,
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbon, Alcaligenes sp.
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Recognition
of Nonrandom Patterns on Supply Performance by Employing
Statistical Monitoring
Soroush Avakh Darestani 1,
Professor Dr. Md. Yusof
Ismail 2, Associate professor Dr. Napsiah bt. Ismail 3
1.
Department of Mechanical and
manufacturing engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM),
43400, Malaysia, soroushavakh@yahoo.com
2. Department of Manufacturing
Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300, Malaysia
3. Department of Mechanical and
manufacturing engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Malaysia
Abstract: This paper introduces a practical methodology
of assignable signals and Run chart tests for identification of
nonrandom patterns of supplier performance by statistical
monitoring. The assumption of normal distribution is one of the
important factors to implement a control chart in industry and
service. It is supposed that natural data shows lack of any
nonrandom pattern signals or out of control points on control
chart. The data of supplier’s on-time delivery for
automotive industry has been gathered and illustrated on
control chart by employing appropriate transformation and
assignable signals and run chart were tested on the control
chart accordingly. The results show that tests were able to
identify nonrandom patterns of supplier performance data. Out
of control signals were removed from the control chart and show
that on-time delivery performance was increased accordingly.
The control chart with natural pattern can be used as pilot for
monitoring supplier delivery over time and improve supplier
delivery performance. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(4):114-122]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Run Chart Pattern Recognition (RCPR);
Johnson Transformation; Supply Performance; Statistical Process
Control (SPC); Anderson-Darling test (AD); On-Time Delivery
(OTD)
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18
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Estimation of Shelf Life for
Water-based Paints Using Regression Methods
Obidi Olayide F 1,
Nwachukwu Simon C1 , Aboaba, Olusimbo O 1,
Nwalor, John U2
1Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of
Lagos, 11001, Nigeria
2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
Lagos, 11001, Nigeria
laideob@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The shelf lives of water-based paints made in Nigeria were
investigated. The mean changes in the microbial population
count of six freshly made paint samples (PS1 – PS6) were monitored
fortnightly for a period of 10 months. The growth data of
isolated organisms from the fresh and spoilt paint samples were
fitted into a multiple linear regression model to predict shelf
life for the fresh paint samples. The microbial population
ranged from 1.0 x 101 – 4.7 x 105
cfu/ml and from 1.0 x 101 – 5.5 x 103
cfu/ml for bacteria and fungi over the study period.
Physico-chemical parameters such as specific gravity (SG),
optical density (OD), transmittance (TR), pH and viscosity
(VIS) were also determined every two weeks for the fresh paint
samples over the ten-month study period. The measurements of
the physico-chemical parameters suggested deterioration related
to microbial population count of the paint samples.
Consequently, the model developed comprised of two equations
with particular attention to microbial population count and physico-chemical
parameters of the paint samples. The microbial population
counts of the spoilt paint samples were 3.4 x 1010
cfu/ml and 3.2 x 105 cfu/ml for bacteria and fungi
respectively. The changes in the physico-chemical parameters
ranged from 2.8658 – 1.0853, 1.49 – 3.91, 6.9
– 2.3, 8.5 – 5.6, 11.7cst –10.8cst for SG,
OD, TR, pH and VIS in fresh paint samples. The percentage
residual error between the shelf life predicted and the shelf
life experimental ranged between 0.001 and 0.500. The shelf
lives obtained for the fresh paint samples were 19, 21, 23, 22,
37, and 22 months respectively. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(4):123-127]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Shelf life; Paints;
Regression; Physico-chemical parameters
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SOME
STUDIES ON LEAD TOXICITY IN MARINO SHEEP
Mona S. Zaki(1); Susan
Mostafa(2); and Isis Awad(2)
(1)
Dept. of
Hydrobiology, National Research Center,Cairo, Egypt
(2) Dept. of Biochemistry, National Research
Center, Cairo, Egypt
dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: The problem of lead toxicity
originated in a private farm in El- Katta “Giza
governorate”, due to ingestion of plant polluted with
lead. About 8 out of 50 Marino sheep animals showed lead
toxicity. The animal’s age was 6 months. The animals
suffered from depression, pressing
head against objects, dilatation of eye pupils, total blindness (in 2 cases) with
normal light reflex in both eyes, edema in briskets, enteritis
with bloody diarrhea and pupil dilation. Also there were lacrimation, pale
dirty mucous membrane and sunken eyes. Serum analysis
from these animals revealed high lead concentration. In
addition too, significant decrease in the levels of
testosterone, LH, FSH. PCV, haemoglobin, R.B.C.s and total
proteins were also decreased. Highly degeneration of kidney,
and liver accompanied with elevation of AST, ALT, Urea,
creatinine, cortisol, sodium, and potassium. Moreover,
S.epidermidis and S. Aeruginosa were isolated. We
conclude that the cause of animals morbidity and mortality in
this farm was not due to bacterial infections but due to lead
toxicity and we can say that polluted environment, especially
with lead, can cause severe harm to animal health, in addition
to serious danger on human health, by eating food polluted with
lead. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(4):128-131]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Keywords: Lead toxicity in Marino sheep,
environmental pollution, biochemical and microbial changes
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Perception of Women towards Family
Values and Their Marital Satisfaction
Ali
Edalati & Ma’rof Redzuan*.
Faculty
of Human Ecology,University Putra Malaysia
43400Serdang,
Selangor, malaysia
*Corresponding Author:
E-mail: marof@putra.upm.edu.my;
Tel: +60123484810
Abstract: The purpose of
the current study is to examine
the relationship between perceptions of women toward Iranian
traditional values and their marital satisfaction. The
337 of women were selected as the population of the study.
Stratified random sampling was used to select samples. The Kansas Marital Satisfaction (KMS)
is used to measure marital satisfaction. It
shows a positive relationship between perception of women
toward traditional values (inequality
in family affairs and inequality in regulation)
and marital satisfaction. It has also shown that there is no
relationship between perception of women toward traditional
values of inequality in access job and
inequality in political in relation
to marital satisfaction. The
multivariate regression analysis is utilized to answer the last
objective. The analysis showed that among the two predictor
variables, the variable of inequality in affairs was found to
be significant in explaining the observed variation in marital
satisfaction (DV). Generally, the final model has
explained 4.6% of total observed variance in marital
satisfaction.
The findings show one reflection of the inequality and
discrimination that there is in family
affairs and inequality in regulation between men and women in the Iranian
society. The findings highlight the need for screening and
identification of other factors and unequal
situations in the family
and society in which women are growing. [Journal of American
Science 2010;6(4):132-137]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Family Values, Marital Satisfaction,
Women perception.
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The effect of Diphenyl Dimethyl
Bicarboxylate and Dexamethasone on Immunological and parasitological
parameters in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni
Ibrahim RB Aly*, Mohamed A
Hendawy*, Eman Ali*, Mohammed S. Hedaya** Mona MF Nosseir***.
Departments of Parasitology*,
Surgery** and Pathology***
Theodor Bilharz Research Institute,
Giza, Egypt
dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the effect
of Diphenyl Dimethyl Bicarboxylate (DDB) or dexamethasone
either alone or combined with praziquantel (PZQ) on
different parasitological, immunological, and pathological
parameters that reflect disease severity and morbidity in
murine schistosomiasis. Diphenyl
Dimethyl Bicarboxylate (DDB) or dexamethasone had no
effect on worm burden but altered tissue egg distribution. This
indicates that under the schedule used, both drugs did not
interfere with the development of adult worms or oviposition
but it can modulate liver pathology. Meanwhile, dexamethsone
showed a marked reduction of granuloma size more than DDB.
Dexamethasone-treated mice, also, showed lower levels of serum
gamma interferon (IFN-g),
interleukin-12 (IL-12), and IL-4 together with higher IL-10
level compared to infected untreated control animals. These
data suggested that dexamethasone is a convenient and promising
co adjuvant agent causing decreased morbidity in murine
schistosomiasis. [Journal
of American Science 2010;6(4):138-145]. (ISSN:
1545-1003).
Keywords: Schistosomiasis – Morbidity
– Cytokines – Treatment.
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The role of catechin against
doxorubicin – induced cardiotoxicity in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells (EAC)
bearing mice
Samiha Abd El Dayem, Fatma
Foda , Mona Helal,
Asmaa Zaazaa.
Zoology Department-Women`s
College for Arts, Science and Education.
Ain Shams University, 1
Asmaa Fahmy Street Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
samdayem1153@yahoo.com
Abstract
: Doxorubicin (Dox)
is a chemotherapy drug used for treatment of wide variety of
cancers. It known that, Dox may cause cardiotoxicity by
producing free radicals and oxidative stress along the period
of treatment. Catechin is considered one of the flavonoids
which has powerful antioxidant properties and free radicals
scavenger. The present work was designed to investigate the
protective role of catechin on doxorubicin – induced
cardiotoxicity in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing- mice
and to test whether catechin has an effect on the antitumor
properties of the Dox. Mice
were divided into five groups as follows: (G1): Control group,
(G2) Mice were injected with Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC)
cells (2.5 x 106 EAC/ml) to form a solid tumor ,
(G3) Mice were inoculated with (2.5 x 106 EAC/ml)
and injected (i.p.) with Doxorubicin (15 mg/kg), (G4) Mice were
inoculated with (EAC) at the same dose and were injected (i.p.)
with (200mg/kg) Catechin , Group5 (G5) Mice were injected
(i.p.) with Doxorubicin 15mg/kg of and 200mg/kg of Catechin in
addition to the inoculation with EAC (2.5 x 106
EAC/ml). Dox (15mg/kg) and /or Catechin (200mg/kg) were
administrated after 10 days in EAC bearing- mice through a
period of 2 weeks in six equal injections. Results showed that,
EAC -bearing mice treated with Dox plus Catechin recorded
decrease in the mean tumor weight and significant increase in
the cumulative mean survival time as compared to the other
treated groups. Biochemical studies of EAC inoculation showed
decline in serum total protein and lactate dehydrogenase
activities, while serum total lipid has significantly
increased. The treatment of tumor-bearing mice with Dox plus
Catechin (G5) improved these levels. Significant increase in
cardiac lipid peroxidation and glutathione contents for
both tumor-bearing mice (G2) and doxorubicin groups (G3) were
recorded. Combined treatment of Dox and Catechin (G5) caused
amelioration in these contents. Glutathione peroxidase and
superoxide dismutase activities showed highly significant
increase in all treated groups. Administration of Dox plus
Catechin (G5) modulate these activities. In conclusion, the
present study suggested that Catechin treatment may
significantly reduce cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in Ehrlich
Carcinoma - bearing mice by the induction of the cardiac
antioxidant enzymes and blocking lipid peroxidation. Also,
Catechin enhances the antitumor properties of doxorubicin by
increasing its inhibitory effect on tumor growth. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(4):146-152]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC);
Doxorubicin; Catechin; Antioxidant enzymes; Lipid peroxidation;
Heart; Mice.
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Effect of Hyperthermia at Different
Ages and Mode of Recovery on the Chromosomal Aberrations and
Biological Parameters in Female Rats.
Amal I Hassan* and Abeer H. Abd
El-Rahim**
*Radioisotope Department, Nuclear
Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt. ** Department
of Cell Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research
Division, National Research Center, Egypt. dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: The present investigate the various
biological changes induced by hyperthermia (at
42°C) in female rats and the mode of recovery at 1, 6 ,
24 & 72 hrs at different ages ( 2, 6 , 12 & 24 months)
. Biological parameters studied were red blood cells (RBCs),
white blood cells (WBC,s), hemoglobin (Hb) , B%
& T% lymphocytes. Immunoglobulin G &A (IgG & IgA)
and serum activities of triiodothyronin and thyroxin (T3
& T4), the heat shock protein 70(HSP70).
Besides, the chromosomal aberrations test and micronucleus
formation were investigated in female rats. In attempt
to find out the interaction between age and hyperthermia in
such parameters in normal female rats. The results revealed
that Highly significant increases of WBC,s,
B%, IgG and HSP70 at 1 till 72hr post WBH in aged 2 and 6
months. On the other hand, WBH caused a significant
decrease in each RBC,s, T3 & T4
at 6 till 72 hr post WBH. As well as, the count of Hb decreased
in age 2 month at 1 till 72 hr post the heat exposure but
increased at 1 & 6 hr in 6 month aged post WBH then
decrease at 24 hr & 72 hr post WBH. T% lymphocyte count
significantly decreased at 1 hr post WBH and increased at 6 hr
& 24 hr then decrease again at 72 hr post WBH in ages 2
& 6 month. IgA level significantly increased in 6 aged rats
at 1, 6 & 24 hr post WBH then decreased at 72 hr below the
control value post WBH. The results revealed that WBH caused a
significant increase of B% lymphocyte, Hb and IgA at 1 & 72
hr post WBH in age 12 & 24 months, except Hb in 12 month
decreased at 72 hr post heat exposure. On the other hand, T%
lymphocyte, RBC,s , IgG and serum T3
&T4 decreased at 1 & 72 hr post heat
exposure except IgG level increased at 72 hr post WBH . The
level of HSP70 increased significantly at 1 till 24 hr post WBH
in 12 month and reached to the control value at 72 hr post WBH.
On the contrary, HSP70 decreased significantly at 1hr in aged
rats (24 month), then increased significantly at 6 and 24 hr
post heat exposure then decreased below the control value at 72
hr post WBH. In the chromosomal aberrations test, we
observed positive responses at all ages but in different
frequencies and recover may occur at 72 hr for the all except
young age (2 month) which needed more time to completely
recover., in the micronucleus test, we observed positive
responses in all ages at 24hr only, while at 72hr post heat
exposure the mean frequencies of micronucleated
polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) were within the vehicle
control group at all ages except 2 month which increased
significantly than control group. The results suggest that
hyperthermia can induce both chromosomal aberrations and
micronucleus formation. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(4):153-166]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Key words: Hyperthermia –HSP70, chromosomal
aberration –micronucleus.
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Some Promising Wild Edible Plants of
Srinagar and its Adjacent Area in Alaknanda Valley of Garhwal
Himalaya, India
J. K. Tiwari1, R. Ballabha1
and P. Tiwari1
1Department of Botany, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar
Garhwal, Uttarakhand- 246 174, India
jktiwari31@rediffmail.com,
radhekuniyal.2007@rediffmail.com, ptiwari29@rediffmail.com
Abstract: The present communication deals with
the ethnobotanical exploration, identification, concerns and
future potentialities of the wild edible plant species consumed
by the local people inhabiting in the hilly areas of Alaknanda
valley that fall in the Uttarakhand state of India. A total of
55 plant species belonging to 35 families were recorded from
the study area. Amaranthaceae, Lamiaceae and Moraceae were the
dominant families with 4 species each, while Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae,
Rosaceae and Rutaceae followed with 3 species and rest were
represented by one species from each family. The four major
life forms were herbs, shrubs, climbers and trees. Herbs made
the highest proportion of the edible species (18) followed by
trees (17), shrubs (13) and climbers (7). The plant species
were divided into two classes - prepared in to vegetables and
consumed as raw. 23 species belonged to the former category
while the later was represented by 32 plants. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(4):167-174]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Wild edible plants, Garhwal Himalaya,
indigenous knowledge, local inhabitants.
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25
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 Genetic alterations induced by
toxic effect of thermally oxidized oil and protective role of
tomatoes and carrots in mice
Mariam G. Eshak1, Inas S.
Ghaly1*, Wagdy K. B. Khalil1*, Ibrahim M.
Farag1, Kadry Z. Ghanem2
1Cell Biology Department, 2Food Science and
Nutrition Department, National Research Centre. 12622 Dokki,
Giza, Egypt
wagdykh@yahoo.com ; Inas.ghali@yahoo.com
Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate
the genetic alterations and sperm abnormalities in male mice
fed diet containing thermally oxidized sunflower oil repeatedly
used for frying processes (FO). Also, tomatoes and
carrots were added to FO diet to test their protecting ability
against potential hazards caused by oxidized oil rich foods.
The genetic alterations including DNA fragmentation and
chromosome aberrations as well as changes of mRNA expression of
some lipid metabolism related-proteins were determined. The
results revealed that rate of DNA fragmentation was
significantly higher in animals fed FO diet than those of
animals fed normal oil diet (NO). On the other hand, the rates
of DNA fragmentation decreased in animals fed FO diets plus low
(5%) or high (10%) concentration of tomatoes (FOT1 or FOT2) or
carrots (FOC1 or FOC2) compared with those fed FO diet.
Chromosome examination showed that total structural aberrations
increased significantly in animals fed FO diet than those fed
NO diet. On the other hand, animals fed diets containing FO
plus low or high concentration of tomatoes or carrots had
significantly lower frequencies of total structural aberrations
than those fed FO diet. Sperm studies showed a significant
increase in the number of morphologically abnormal sperms and a
significant decrease in the sperm count in animals fed FO diet
compared with those fed NO diet. However, the animals fed diets
containing low or high level of tomatoes or carrots showed
significant decreases of sperm abnormalities. The mRNA
expressions of the lipid metabolism related-genes, RBP, H-FABP
and C-FABP were significantly higher in liver tissues of mice
fed FO diet than those found in mice fed NO diet. However, the
expression of all tested genes was down-regulated in FOT1 and
FOT2 or FOC1 or FOC2 groups compared with those detected in the
FO group. In conclusion, the present study adds evidence for a
link between prolonged feeding intake of FO diet and induced
mutagenic effects in animal cells. However, tomatoes and
carrots proved to be good protective agents against hazards of
such mutagenic foods. [Journal of American Science
2010;6(4):175-188]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Thermally oxidized oil, mice, tomato
and carrot, genetic alterations, RT-PCR, sperm morphology.
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Preparation and Characterization of
Amine-Imine Derivatives Used in Organic Thin Film Transistor
1Chien-Chih
Lin, 2Hsien-Chiao Teng, 3Shen
Cherng, 1An Chi Yeh
1Department of Chemical and Material Engineering,
Chengshiu University, Niaosong, Taiwan, RO China
2Department of Electrical Engineering, ROC Military
Academy, Fengshan, Taiwan, RO China
3Department of Computer Science and Information
Engineering, Chengshiu University, Niaosong, Taiwan, RO China
cherngs@csu.edu.tw
ABSTRACT: In this report, synthesis and
characterization of Amine-imine derivatives of BIP and NIP are
presented. Amine-imine derivatives have more delocalization
molecular orbits having excitation spectra with red shift.
Additionally, the different distribution of molecular energy
levels for BIP and NIP causes the emission and absorption of
different wavelengths. In this study, both BIP and the NIP were
used as the organic thin film transistor active layer deposited
on a silicon wafer substrate and the surface morphology,
structure of permutation as well as carrier mobility rate were
discussed. [Journal of American Science 2010;6(4):189-192].
(ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: molecular orbits, carrier mobility,
surface morphology
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Cyanobacteria of a Tropical Lagoon, Nigeria.
Adesalu, Taofikat Abosede 1, Nwankwo, Dike Ikegwu.2
1Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of
Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Marine sciences, University of Lagos,
Nigeria.
boseadesalu@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
Investigations for the first time into the blue green algae of
Lekki lagoon were carried out for 24 months (June 2003- May
2005) at monthly intervals using standard plankton net of mesh
size 55µm. One hundred and seventy nine species belonging to
thirty genera were
observed. The filamentous blue green algae Oscillatoria formed the most abundant genus making
up twenty three species followed by Phormidium eighteen species. Anabaena and Chroococcus
recorded thirteen species each while the genera, Gleocapsa, Merismopedia and Microcystis recorded
ten, eight and twelve species respectively. Only one genus each
of Cyanosarcina, Calothrix and Scytonema were
encountered. Bloom forming species identified were Microcystis aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae, M.
wesenbergii and Anabaena
flos-aquae. In this study, thirty-nine new species were
recorded for Lagos lagoon complex in which Lekki lagoon is one
of it while Cyanosarcina
hueberliorum is new record for Nigeria. [Journal of
American Science 2010;6(4):193-199]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Keywords: Cyanophytes,
tropical, bloom, Lagos lagoon complex
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