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Paper
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For General Instructions to
Authors, please
click here for detail.
Paper Format:
Submitted papers must be in
single-space, including abstract, references, captions, and legends; manuscripts must be single-sided. Leave at least one-inch margins. Number all pages including figures, tables, title, and abstracts. Refer to recent issues of the journal for style of headings, figure captions, and table legends.
Title Page:
A short title is required which accurately describes and identifies the topic of the manuscript. The full first and last names of all the authors, their full mailing address including postal code, contact phone and fax numbers, as well as an e-mail address must be placed under the title. The corresponding author must be identified. An abbreviated running title of less than 60 characters is to be provided below the author listings.
Abstract:
The abstract should start on a new page. It should be a single paragraph of 250 words or less and summarize the reported research indicating the key results and explaining why the results are important. The abstract should not contain references.
Index Words:
A list of 2-6 index words (key terms) following the abstract is required to aid information retrieval. Index words may include words used in the title. Journal staff may edit the index words or assign the index words if the author does not provide them.
Introduction:
Start the introduction on a new page. The introduction should provide the background to the study, reviewing relevant research. As the journal is multidisciplinary, the introduction also should provide a description of the research topic which will introduce the subject matter to unfamiliar readers. Jargon specific to a discipline should be used sparingly, and it should be defined in the manuscript.
When the findings and/or conclusions of a manuscript rely on the results of chemical analyses, the manuscript should include sufficient information to demonstrate that the reported results are valid. When a manuscript includes the development or use of a model, sufficient information must be in the article or available to the referees to assess the applicability of the model.
Names:
Chemical compounds and biological species should be identified by their complete scientific name when first used. A common name may be identified at this time and used in the remainder of the paper. Chemical names should follow the IUPAC conventions.
Units and Abbreviations:
Metric units, following the SI convention, should be used throughout. Carefully check all units for consistency. Chemical formulas should correspond to the style of Chemical Abstracts. Abbreviate liter as "L". Molar units (mM, for instance) should be used whenever possible rather than mass units (mg/L) for reporting concentrations. Do not use ppm, ppb, etc. Alkalinity must be reported in molar units (e.g., meq/L). Dates should be abbreviated as in 10 Oct 74 (do not use 10/10/74). Time of day is indicated by four digits using the 24-hour system. Quantities of all units of time are referred to in Arabic numerals (e.g., 3 weeks, 7 hours, etc.).
Reference Format:
References should be complete and double-spaced. Do not include personal communications and unpublished reports in the list of references; rather, incorporate them in the text, citing name, affiliation, and date. An excessive use of references is to be avoided. Reference use is viewed as excessive if the number of reference pages is a significant proportion of the total text length or where a particular series of citations (i.e., enclosed in parentheses) used to substantiate a statement exceeds 4 or 5 references.
Examples of how references are to be cited appear below. If a reference does not exactly fit the examples shown below, include enough information so that a reader may be able to obtain a copy of the reference.
Journal Articles: Ouyang, D.,
Bartholic, J., and Selegean, J.
2005. Assessing Sediment Loading
from Agricultural Croplands in the
Great Lakes Basin. Journal of
American Science. 1(2):14-21.
A Book: Durbin R., Eddy, S. R.,
Krogh, A., and Mitchison G. 1999.
Biological Sequence Analysis:
Probabilistic Models of Proteins and
Nucleic Acids. Cambridge University
Press.
A Chapter in a Book: Leach, J. 1993. Impacts of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on water quality and fish spawning reefs of Western Lake Erie. In Zebra mussels: biology, impacts, and control, eds. T. Nalepa and D. Schloesser, pp. 381-397. Ann Arbor, MI: Lewis Publishers.
A Report: Makarewicz, J. C., Lewis, T., and Bertram, P. 1995. Epilimnetic phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and species composition in Lake Michigan, 1983-1992. U. S. EPA Great Lakes National Program, Chicago, IL. EPA 905-R-95-009.
Conference Proceedings: Stock,
A. 2004. Signal Transduction in
Bacteria. In the Proceedings of the
2004 Markey Scholars Conference. pp
80-89.
A Thesis: Strunk, J. L. 1991. The extraction of mercury from sediment and the geochemical partitioning of mercury in sediments from Lake Superior, M. S. thesis, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI.
Footnotes: Avoid footnotes whenever possible. Incorporate the material in the text.
Acknowledgments: Brief acknowledgments should be placed just before references. Include any contribution number in the acknowledgments.
Other: For other questions on format and style refer to published issues of the journal or consult the
editor.
Tables:
Tables should supplement, not duplicate, figures and text. Where tables of data may be of value to only a few readers, consider indicating in the text that data are available from the author upon request. Give enough information in table legends so that each table is understandable without reference to the text. However, if the table becomes caption becomes excessively lengthy with descriptions of how numbers were derived, refer to the text for additional information. Tables should be submitted one per page at the end of the manuscript. Table number and captions should appear at the top of the table. Horizontal lines are to be used to distinguish top and bottom of the table and column titles. Do not use vertical lines. Indicate in the margin of the text where each table should appear. The use of appendices is discouraged particularly if of a report nature.
Figures:
Figures (e.g., illustrations, charts, and graphs) which increase comprehension and readability, and are relevant to the article's content, are encouraged. Do not however, overburden an article with artwork. Number all figures consecutively with Arabic numerals. Include a typed list of figure captions on a separate sheet. An explanatory sentence linking the figure to the text may serve as the caption. Indicate in the margin of the text where each figure should appear. Figures should be submitted at the end of the manuscript.
Publication-quality (i.e., original figures) figures do not need to be included when an article is submitted. Legible copies of the figures are acceptable for the review process. However, authors must submit black on white, laser printer quality prints, or glossy photos (identified on the back of the figure) with the final version of the paper. Please see instructions below for final figure submissions.
It is important that the lettering be large enough to be legible. Illustrations will be reduced up to four times to fit within the width of one column (8.47 cm) or up to two times to fit within two adjacent columns (17.77 cm). When drawing at twice size, 14 through 18 point lettering size is suitable. Use thin lines for drawing tick marks, grids, error bars and less significant lines. Use medium lines for axes, shorelines, bar outlines, boxes, and arrows. Use heavy lines for graph lines, flow lines, and most important lines.
Do NOT use dot patterns to make gray areas in your figures. Instead, use cross-hatching. Submit figures approximately the size you want them reproduced in the Journal, and inspect them carefully to determine that the letters and numbers are large enough to read easily and those line weights are bold enough to reproduce clearly.
Graphs or other scaled figures should be framed with appropriate tick marks on all axes. Clearly label all axes with parameter and units. Many tick marks may be used, but only a few should be labeled. The labels must be large enough to be easily legible when reduced. Do not use small dots for data points. Include error bars when appropriate. Maps must have latitude-longitude values as well as a graphical scale.
Photographs:
Photographs will be published if appropriate to the manuscript. They are to be submitted as high quality glossy prints and should have a graphical scale when appropriate. Identify photographs on the back, and include with them a separate typed list of illustration captions. Prescreened photos are unsuitable.
Color:
If color photos or publication on gloss paper stock are desired, the author must bear the extra costs incurred.
Copyright:
All journal content, except where otherwise noted, is
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
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